diff --git a/textarea/modal.go b/textarea/modal.go
index 8edf8c4..87bab20 100644
--- a/textarea/modal.go
+++ b/textarea/modal.go
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ const (
 	ActionDelete
 	// ActionYank yanks text.
 	ActionYank
+	// ActionChange deletes text and enters insert mode.
+	ActionChange
 )
 
 // Position is a (row, column) pair representing a position of the cursor or
diff --git a/textarea/normal.go b/textarea/normal.go
index a9fec1f..cdba62c 100644
--- a/textarea/normal.go
+++ b/textarea/normal.go
@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@ package textarea
 
 import (
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
 
 	tea "github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea"
 )
 
 func (m *Model) normalUpdate(msg tea.Msg) tea.Cmd {
 	var cmd tea.Cmd
+	var execute bool
 
 	switch msg := msg.(type) {
 	case tea.KeyMsg:
@@ -15,13 +18,24 @@ func (m *Model) normalUpdate(msg tea.Msg) tea.Cmd {
 		case "esc":
 			m.command = &NormalCommand{}
 		case "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9":
+			if m.command.Count == 0 && msg.String() == "0" {
+				m.command.Range = Range{
+					Start: Position{Row: m.row, Col: m.col},
+					End:   Position{Row: m.row, Col: 0},
+				}
+				execute = true
+				break
+			}
+
 			v := m.command.Buffer + msg.String()
 			count, err := strconv.Atoi(v)
 			if err != nil {
 				count, _ = strconv.Atoi(msg.String())
-				m.command = &NormalCommand{Buffer: msg.String(), Count: count}
+				m.command.Buffer = msg.String()
+				m.command.Count = count
 			} else {
-				m.command = &NormalCommand{Buffer: v, Count: count}
+				m.command.Buffer = v
+				m.command.Count = count
 			}
 		case "G":
 			var row int
@@ -40,15 +54,38 @@ func (m *Model) normalUpdate(msg tea.Msg) tea.Cmd {
 				m.command = &NormalCommand{Buffer: "g"}
 			}
 			return nil
+		case "x":
+			m.command.Action = ActionDelete
+			m.command.Range = Range{
+				Start: Position{Row: m.row, Col: m.col},
+				End:   Position{Row: m.row, Col: m.col + max(m.command.Count, 1)},
+			}
+		case "X":
+			m.command.Action = ActionDelete
+			m.command.Range = Range{
+				Start: Position{Row: m.row, Col: m.col},
+				End:   Position{Row: m.row, Col: m.col - max(m.command.Count, 1)},
+			}
+		case "c":
+			if m.command.Action == ActionChange {
+				m.CursorStart()
+				m.deleteAfterCursor()
+				m.command = &NormalCommand{}
+				return m.SetMode(ModeInsert)
+			}
+			m.command.Action = ActionChange
 		case "d":
 			if m.command.Action == ActionDelete {
 				for i := 0; i < max(m.command.Count, 1); i++ {
-					m.CursorStart()
-					m.deleteAfterCursor()
-					m.mergeLineBelow(m.row)
+					m.value[m.row] = []rune{}
+					if m.row < len(m.value)-1 {
+						m.mergeLineBelow(m.row)
+					} else {
+						m.mergeLineAbove(m.row)
+					}
 				}
 				m.command = &NormalCommand{}
-				break
+				return nil
 			}
 			m.command.Action = ActionDelete
 		case "y":
@@ -56,16 +93,29 @@ func (m *Model) normalUpdate(msg tea.Msg) tea.Cmd {
 		case "r":
 			m.command.Action = ActionReplace
 		case "i":
-			return m.SetMode(ModeInsert)
+			m.command.Range = Range{
+				Start: Position{Row: m.row, Col: m.col},
+				End:   Position{Row: m.row, Col: m.col},
+			}
+			cmd = m.SetMode(ModeInsert)
 		case "I":
-			m.CursorStart()
-			return m.SetMode(ModeInsert)
+			m.command.Range = Range{
+				Start: Position{Row: m.row, Col: m.col},
+				End:   Position{Row: m.row, Col: 0},
+			}
+			cmd = m.SetMode(ModeInsert)
 		case "a":
-			m.SetCursor(m.col + 1)
-			return m.SetMode(ModeInsert)
+			m.command.Range = Range{
+				Start: Position{Row: m.row, Col: m.col},
+				End:   Position{Row: m.row, Col: m.col + 1},
+			}
+			cmd = m.SetMode(ModeInsert)
 		case "A":
-			m.CursorEnd()
-			return m.SetMode(ModeInsert)
+			m.command.Range = Range{
+				Start: Position{Row: m.row, Col: m.col},
+				End:   Position{Row: m.row, Col: len(m.value[m.row]) + 1},
+			}
+			cmd = m.SetMode(ModeInsert)
 		case "^":
 			m.command.Range = Range{
 				Start: Position{m.row, m.col},
@@ -74,23 +124,22 @@ func (m *Model) normalUpdate(msg tea.Msg) tea.Cmd {
 		case "$":
 			m.command.Range = Range{
 				Start: Position{m.row, m.col},
-				End:   Position{m.row, len(m.value[m.row]) - 1},
+				End:   Position{m.row, len(m.value[m.row])},
 			}
 		case "e", "E":
 			m.command.Range = Range{
 				Start: Position{m.row, m.col},
-				End:   m.findWordEnd(m.command.Count, msg.String() == "E"),
+				End:   m.findWordRight(max(m.command.Count, 1), msg.String() == "E"),
 			}
 		case "w", "W":
 			m.command.Range = Range{
 				Start: Position{m.row, m.col},
-				End:   m.findWordStart(m.command.Count, msg.String() == "W"),
+				End:   m.findWordRight(max(m.command.Count, 1), msg.String() == "W"),
 			}
 		case "b", "B":
-			direction := -1
 			m.command.Range = Range{
 				Start: Position{m.row, m.col},
-				End:   m.findWordStart(direction*m.command.Count, msg.String() == "B"),
+				End:   m.findWordLeft(max(m.command.Count, 1), msg.String() == "B"),
 			}
 		case "h":
 			m.command.Range = Range{
@@ -100,18 +149,26 @@ func (m *Model) normalUpdate(msg tea.Msg) tea.Cmd {
 		case "j":
 			m.command.Range = Range{
 				Start: Position{m.row, m.col},
-				End:   Position{m.row + max(m.command.Count, 1), m.col},
+				End:   Position{min(m.row+max(m.command.Count, 1), len(m.value)-1), m.col},
 			}
 		case "k":
 			m.command.Range = Range{
 				Start: Position{m.row, m.col},
-				End:   Position{m.row - max(m.command.Count, 1), m.col},
+				End:   Position{max(m.row-max(m.command.Count, 1), 0), m.col},
 			}
 		case "l":
 			m.command.Range = Range{
 				Start: Position{m.row, m.col},
 				End:   Position{m.row, m.col + max(m.command.Count, 1)},
 			}
+		case "C":
+			m.deleteAfterCursor()
+			m.command = &NormalCommand{}
+			return m.SetMode(ModeInsert)
+		case "D":
+			m.deleteAfterCursor()
+			m.command = &NormalCommand{}
+			return nil
 		case "J":
 			m.CursorEnd()
 			m.mergeLineBelow(m.row)
@@ -120,24 +177,16 @@ func (m *Model) normalUpdate(msg tea.Msg) tea.Cmd {
 			cmd = Paste
 		}
 
-		switch msg.String() {
-		case "i", "I", "a", "A", "e", "w", "W", "b", "B", "h", "j", "k", "l", "p", "$", "^":
+		if strings.ContainsAny(msg.String(), "iIaAewWbBhjklp$^xX") || execute {
 			switch m.command.Action {
 			case ActionDelete:
 				m.deleteRange(m.command.Range)
+			case ActionChange:
+				m.deleteRange(m.command.Range)
+				cmd = m.SetMode(ModeInsert)
 			case ActionMove:
-				rowDelta := m.command.Range.End.Row - m.command.Range.Start.Row
-				if rowDelta > 0 {
-					for i := 0; i < rowDelta; i++ {
-						m.CursorDown()
-					}
-				} else if rowDelta < 0 {
-					for i := 0; i < -rowDelta; i++ {
-						m.CursorUp()
-					}
-				} else {
-					m.SetCursor(m.command.Range.End.Col)
-				}
+				m.row = clamp(m.command.Range.End.Row, 0, len(m.value)-1)
+				m.col = clamp(m.command.Range.End.Col, 0, len(m.value[m.row]))
 			}
 			m.command = &NormalCommand{}
 		}
@@ -148,3 +197,92 @@ func (m *Model) normalUpdate(msg tea.Msg) tea.Cmd {
 
 	return cmd
 }
+
+// findWordRight locates the end of the current word or the end of the next word
+// if already at the end of the current word. It takes whether or not to break
+// words on spaces or any non-alpha-numeric character as an argument.
+func (m *Model) findWordRight(count int, _ bool) Position {
+	row, col := m.row, m.col
+
+	for count > 0 {
+		if col < len(m.value[row])-1 && unicode.IsSpace(m.value[row][col+1]) {
+			col++
+		} else if col >= len(m.value[row])-1 && row < len(m.value)-1 {
+			row++
+			col = 0
+		}
+
+		for col < len(m.value[row])-1 {
+			if !unicode.IsSpace(m.value[row][col+1]) {
+				col++
+			} else {
+				count--
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		if row >= len(m.value)-1 && col >= len(m.value[row])-1 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return Position{Row: row, Col: col}
+}
+
+// findWordLeft locates the start of the next word. It takes whether or not to
+// break words on spaces or any non-alpha-numeric character as an argument.
+func (m *Model) findWordLeft(count int, onlySpaces bool) Position {
+	_ = onlySpaces
+	row, col := m.row, m.col
+
+	for count > 0 {
+		if col > 0 && unicode.IsSpace(m.value[row][col-1]) {
+			col--
+		} else if col <= 0 && row > 0 {
+			row--
+			col = len(m.value[row]) - 1
+		}
+
+		for col > 0 {
+			if !unicode.IsSpace(m.value[row][col-1]) {
+				col--
+			} else {
+				count--
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		if row <= 0 && col <= 0 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return Position{Row: row, Col: col}
+}
+
+func (m *Model) deleteRange(r Range) {
+	if r.Start.Row == r.End.Row && r.Start.Col == r.End.Col {
+		return
+	}
+
+	minCol, maxCol := min(r.Start.Col, r.End.Col), max(r.Start.Col, r.End.Col)
+
+	minCol = clamp(minCol, 0, len(m.value[r.Start.Row]))
+	maxCol = clamp(maxCol, 0, len(m.value[r.Start.Row]))
+
+	if r.Start.Row == r.End.Row {
+		m.value[r.Start.Row] = append(m.value[r.Start.Row][:minCol], m.value[r.Start.Row][maxCol:]...)
+		m.SetCursor(minCol)
+		return
+	}
+
+	minRow, maxRow := min(r.Start.Row, r.End.Row), max(r.Start.Row, r.End.Row)
+
+	for i := max(minRow, 0); i <= min(maxRow, len(m.value)-1); i++ {
+		m.value[i] = []rune{}
+	}
+
+	m.value = append(m.value[:minRow], m.value[maxRow:]...)
+
+	m.row = clamp(0, minRow, len(m.value)-1)
+}
diff --git a/textarea/textarea.go b/textarea/textarea.go
index 5667f58..682728d 100644
--- a/textarea/textarea.go
+++ b/textarea/textarea.go
@@ -572,31 +572,6 @@ func (m *Model) wordRight() {
 	}
 }
 
-// findWordEnd locates the end of the current word or the end of the next word
-// if already at the end of the current word. It takes whether or not to break
-// words on spaces or any non-alpha-numeric character as an argument.
-func (m *Model) findWordEnd(count int, onlySpaces bool) Position {
-	_ = count
-	_ = onlySpaces
-	row, col := m.row, m.col
-
-	for col < len(m.value[row]) {
-		if !unicode.IsSpace(m.value[row][col]) {
-			col++
-		} else {
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	return Position{Row: row, Col: col}
-}
-
-// findWordStart locates the start of the next word. It takes whether or not to
-// break words on spaces or any non-alpha-numeric character as an argument.
-func (m *Model) findWordStart(count int, onlySpaces bool) Position {
-	return m.findWordEnd(count, onlySpaces)
-}
-
 // LineInfo returns the number of characters from the start of the
 // (soft-wrapped) line and the (soft-wrapped) line width.
 func (m Model) LineInfo() LineInfo {
@@ -733,9 +708,6 @@ func (m Model) Update(msg tea.Msg) (Model, tea.Cmd) {
 	return m, tea.Batch(cmds...)
 }
 
-func (m *Model) deleteRange(r Range) {
-}
-
 // View renders the text area in its current state.
 func (m Model) View() string {
 	if m.Value() == "" && m.row == 0 && m.col == 0 && m.Placeholder != "" {